Generalization and Exception, Inductive and Deductive Reasoning Free Essay Example, 1750 words

1. A robin is a bird. A bird is an animal with wings and feathers. Therefore a robin is an animal with wings and feathers. This is deductive reasoning as the researcher moves from the general observation of having the robin as a bird to an animal with wings and feathers. 1. A robin is a bird. A bird is an animal with wings and feathers. Therefore a robin is an animal with wings and feathers. This is deductive reasoning as the researcher moves from the general observation of having the robin as a bird to an animal with wings and feathers. 2. All the houses I have seen on Martino Street are box-shaped. Therefore I can say, All houses on Martino Street are box-shaped. This is inductive fallacy since researcher concludes that all houses on Martino Street are box-shaped since he had some them being box-shape. 3. The Quintinilla family just moved here from El Salvador. All the Salvadorans I know are really good cooks. Therefore the Quintinilla family must be really good cooks. This is deductive reasoning since the researcher moves form the general observation of all Salvadorans being good cooks to this family becoming good cooks. 4.We will write a custom essay sample on Generalization and Exception, Inductive and Deductive Reasoning or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page My mother always gets upset over inconsequential issues. Therefore women are over-sensitive and emotional. This is inductive reasoning since the person moves from seeing his mother being upset over inconsequential issues to concluding that all women are over-sensitive. 7. Many students got sick after the class party. The outbreak of food poisoning was probably caused by the potato salad. This is deductive reasoning as the person moves from the general information of students getting sick to concluding that the sickness was caused by the potato salad.

Essay on Medical Assistant is a Rewarding Career - 653 Words

Medical Assistant Being a medical assistant can be a satisfying career choice for those who take pleasure in helping others, have superior communication skills, and are able to multitask. Medical assistants are constantly on the look out to help patients and health professionals. Affection and compassion are personality traits for a career as a medical assistant. Being a medical assistant is a phenomenal career and a rewarding one too. Medical assistants lend a helping hand to a ton of people, whether it be patients or the people of the health department. They work alongside doctors in the hospital or clinic. Medical assistants tend to the patients by assisting doctors. Medical assistants are fond of helping others. Medical†¦show more content†¦They devote a lot of time filling out medical records. In addition, medical assistants schedule appointments for thousands of clients each day. Medical assistants are masters at multitasking. Medical assistants are magnificent at mult itasking. Medical assistants have records for patients. They also scan and file reports. They take notes of why the patient is visiting the doctor’s office. In addition, to the notes they take your blood pressure, height, weight, and temperature. Medical assistants are cross-trained to perform clinical duties such as coding and filling out insurances forms for the physicians (AAMA, 1996). They handle correspondence, billing, and bookkeeping (AAMA, 1996). They assist the physicians during exams and prepare and administer medication as directed by a physician (AAMA, 1996). Medical assistants also remove sutures and change dressings (AAMA, 1996). Medical assistants are essential members of the health department. Medical assistant are all about keeping the patients feeling at home and comfortable in the hospital (Boston Reed College, 2011). Medical assistant have both administrative and clinical duties. Medical assisting is one of the nation’s fastest growing career in the United States of America (BLS, 2014). Medical assistants are excellent at helping people, communicating, and multitasking. The median annual wage for medical assistants was $29,370 in May 2012. The median wage is the wage atShow MoreRelatedU.s. Bureau Of Labor Statistics896 Words   |  4 PagesThe increasing demand for professions in health care make being a surgeons assistant a great career choice. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) said that in 2012, there were approximately 98,500 professionals in this field. Although the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) doesn t provide job outlook information for surgical assistants specifically, it does give information about surgical technologists. In 2012, there were approximately 98,500 professionals in this field. The BLS expectsRead MoreEssay I Want to Be Physician Assistant1175 Words   |  5 Pageschoosing a career, it is important to open oneself to endless career options but at the end choose the one fittest in terms of interest, time, money and service to humanity. One vocation that may have it all is that of a physician assistant. A physici an assistant provides primary health care services under a physicians supervision. (Expand this a little more; add a definition sentence or two) A physician assistant is a laborious occupation that, despite its hardships, can be fulfilling and rewarding. TheRead MoreWhy I Want to Be an Mdical Assisant Essay1154 Words   |  5 PagesWhy Do I Want To Be A Medical Assistant You already know that the health care industry is growing at an accelerated rate. Baby boomers are getting older, and more and more people need medical help.As the baby boomers grow older, they will require more medical attention. 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My condition demanded travelingRead MoreReview Of Work From Home Careers 934 Words   |  4 PagesWork From Home Careers By Lee Favre | Submitted On January 03, 2012 Recommend Article Article Comments Print Article Share this article on Facebook Share this article on Twitter Share this article on Google+ Share this article on Linkedin Share this article on StumbleUpon Share this article on Delicious Share this article on Digg Share this article on Reddit Share this article on Pinterest With the proliferation of the internet and the acceptance of the many ways to communicate online orRead MorePersonal Essay: My Mother1506 Words   |  6 PagesPurpose As a high school math teacher, I am having rewarding experiences educating and motivating students, but it is not my true calling. I want to positively affect a wider scope of the public and do so in a way that can improve and potentially save lives. The medical field is the best option to fulfill this desire and becoming a physicians assistant has become my new passion. The aspects of the profession that most attract me are its rewarding nature and its fascinating and diverse content. DueRead MoreA Brief Note On The World Of Service859 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscovered more about myself and my ability to be happy than I had ever known before. Growing up in a household dominated by medicine I was attuned to the team-based approach from an early age, and I learned about how a physician assistant can provide an extension to other medical services. However, I wasn’t positive that I wanted to become a PA until I began to volunteer at local hospitals in middle school. As I watched n urses, doctors, and PAs working alongside one another, I saw the tremendous valueRead MoreSample Resume : Certified Nursing Assistant1588 Words   |  7 PagesCNA Salary Guide | Certified Nursing Assistant Salary Facts The main duties of a Certified Nurse Assistant are to take of the patients under supervision of Registered Nurses and Doctors. Assisting patients with daily chores like dressing, feeding, and monitoring activity are the main responsibilities. With so much time spent with the patients, CNAs often develop close relationships with many people. As the baby-boomer population begins to age there is a growing need for health care professionalsRead MorePersonal Statement Essay829 Words   |  4 Pagesstrong interest in a career in the healthcare. I am basically a caring person and health care profession would provide me with the great opportunities for contributing towards well being of human being. The profession of physician assistant would suit my nature and enable me to obtain a greater degree of job satisfaction. With this aspiration and a great interest in Science I did a degree in Biomedical Science. Recently I came to know about a health care career as physician assistant. As I read more about

Depolis A Comparison Of Cassandra And Socrates - 1644 Words

Elvis Calder Lopez Blue Humanities Dr. Wilder Dr. Krusiewicz September 17, 2018 Prompt Four Both Cassandra and Socrates have had interactions with Apollo that have turned them into special people. While Socrates is trying to enlighten all of Athens with the power of wisdom and the examined life, he is simultaneously trying to break almost every materialistic and cultural habit that has been taught to the youth of Athens, but gets constantly ridiculed by those who disagree. Cassandra is a woman who has devoted herself to the church, and has been cursed with the gift of prophecy by the god Apollo himself. Part of this curse is that no one will believe Cassandra when she tries to warn the people of what will happen in the near future. In†¦show more content†¦With so many people starting to follow and listen to the message that Socrates delivered so frequently, there would be twice as many people who thought that he was trying to corrupt the youth. This would not be the case for those who listened to and accepted what Socrates had to say and this started to create a cultural clash. The older generations of Athens that included the likes of leaders, politicians, and parents, would begin to criticize Socrates for implementing this new way of thinking into their children and fellow citizens. â€Å"Either I do not corrupt the youth or, if I do, it is unwillingly,† (The Apology, 86). Socrates didn’t willingly try to corrupt the youth, he just hoped to broaden the mind and vision of the people of Athens. Socrates also put a lot of energy and focus on the idea of wisdom, and how being wise should be a person’s number one priority. Let us reflect in this way, too, that there is good hope that death is a blessing, for it is one of two things: either the dead are nothing and have no perception of anything, or it is, as we are told, a change and a relocation for the soul from here to another place. (The Apology, 88). Socrates was most concerned with his soul, and he felt that this is will live on with him forever. Wisdom s hould trump the honors that you can receive from war, and the lust for materialistic

Comparing the Personalities of the Writers, Dante and Chaucer

Even though Dante and Chaucer never met, Dante having died 19 years before Chaucer was born, Dante inadvertently became Chaucer’s life long mentor. Dante’s severe spirit turned out to be far more harsh than Chaucer’s nature, however Dante’s protà ©gà ©, Boccaccio, became one of Chaucer’s greatest inspirations. Looking back at both Dante and Chaucer’s works, experts now see striking similarities in their writing. Whether Chaucer ever meant to use Dante’s materials or not, he is now closely compared with his contrary counter part. The original purpose of this paper was to tell how closely related Chaucer’s writing was to Dante’s, however, a closer look at the man, the better the picture is that shows the blatant contrasts between these two†¦show more content†¦These experiences made Dante quickly realize that this world is corrupt to the core. â€Å"Greed for material things is the main fault, greed which is all owed to dictate the actions of men. Only a cessation of strife, the establishment of universal peace can ensure the happiness of mankind and allow men to pursue the ultimate aim for which God has destined them on earth, that of exercising constantly and to the full their distinctive quality, the ‘Virtus Intellective’ (virtuous intellect)† (Limentani,117). He believed that life on this earth was for a purpose and had meaning to it this can be seen in the Inferno because Dante is working to make his journey purposeful. He travels so far and tries so hard to work his way up to heaven. Chaucer stands in contrast to Dante’s almost dogmatic piety and looks to other things as purposeful in his life. Chaucer’s views of life come from a very political point of view. He was introduced to court life while still in his teens, becoming a page to one of the kings daughter-in-laws. From there he rose in status until he was promoted to the rank of esquire. Though h e was exposed to political plots and war Chaucer exhibit’s a lust and compassion for life that completely eludes Dante’s works. While he was easy going and generally sympathetic to others Chaucer was nothing of a typical idealist. While Dante searched for ways to better the world by destroying chaotic war and hate, Chaucer was content to let the world

The Twilight Saga 4 Breaking Dawn 4. GESTURE Free Essays

The wedding flowed into the reception party smoothly – proof of Alice’s flawless planning. It was just twilight over the river; the ceremony had lasted exactly the right amount of time, allowing the sun to set behind the trees. The lights in the trees glimmered as Edward led me through the glass back doors, making the white flowers glow. We will write a custom essay sample on The Twilight Saga 4: Breaking Dawn 4. GESTURE or any similar topic only for you Order Now There were another ten thousand flowers out here, serving as a fragrant, airy tent over the dance floor set up on the grass under two of the ancient cedars. Things slowed down, relaxed as the mellow August evening surrounded us. The little crowd spread out under the soft shine of the twinkle lights, and we were greeted again by the friends we’d just embraced. There was time to talk now, to laugh. â€Å"Congrats, guys,† Seth Clearwater told us, ducking his head under the edge of a flower garland. His mother, Sue, was tight by his side, eyeing the guests with wary intensity. Her face was thin and fierce, an expression that was accented by her short, severe hairstyle; it was as short as her daughter Leah’s – I wondered if she’d cut it the same way in a show of solidarity. Billy Black, on Seth’s other side, was not as tense as Sue. When I looked at Jacob’s father, I always felt like I was seeing two people rather than just one. There was the old man in the wheelchair with the lined face and the white smile that everyone else saw. And then there was the direct descendant of a long line of powerful, magical chieftains, cloaked in the authority he’d been born with. Though the magic had – in the absence of a catalyst – skipped his generation, Billy was still a part of the power and the legend. It flowed straight through him. It flowed to his son, the heir to the magic, who had turned his back on it. That left Sam Uley to act as the chief of legends and magic now___ Billy seemed oddly at ease considering the company and the event – his black eyes sparkled like he’d just gotten some good news. I was impressed by his composure. This wedding must have seemed a very bad thing, the worst thing that could happen to his best friend’s daughter, in Billy’s eyes. I knew it wasn’t easy for him to restrain his feelings, considering the challenge this event foreshadowed to the ancient treaty between the Cullens and the Quileutes – the treaty that prohibited the Cullens from ever creating another vampire. The wolves knew a breach was coming, but the Cullens had no idea how they would react. Before the alliance, it would have meant an immediate attack. A war. But now that they knew each other better, would there be forgiveness instead? As if in response to that thought, Seth leaned toward Edward, arms extended. Edward returned the hug with his free arm. I saw Sue shudder delicately. â€Å"It’s good to see things work out for you, man,† Seth said. â€Å"I’m happy for you.† â€Å"Thank you, Seth. That means a lot to me.† Edward pulled away from Seth and looked at Sue and Billy. â€Å"Thank you, as well. For letting Seth come. For supporting Bella today.† â€Å"You’re welcome,† Billy said in his deep, gravelly voice, and I was surprised at the optimism in his tone. Perhaps a stronger truce was on the horizon. A bit of a line was forming, so Seth waved goodbye and wheeled Billy toward the food. Sue kept one hand on each of them. Angela and Ben were the next to claim us, followed by Angela’s parents and then Mike and Jessica – who were, to my surprise, holding hands. I hadn’t heard that they were together again. That was nice. Behind my human friends were my new cousins-in-law, the Denali vampire clan. I realized I was holding my breath as the vampire in front – Tanya, I assumed from the strawberry tint in her blond curls – reached out to embrace Edward. Next to her, three other vampires with golden eyes stared at me with open curiosity. One woman had long, pale blond hair, straight as corn silk. The other woman and the man beside her were both black-haired, with a hint of an olive tone to their chalky complexions. And they were all four so beautiful that it made my stomach hurt. Tanya was still holding Edward. â€Å"Ah, Edward,† she said. â€Å"I’ve missed you.† Edward chuckled and deftly maneuvered out of the hug, placing his hand lightly on her shoulder and stepping back, as if to get a better look at her. â€Å"It’s been too long, Tanya. You look well.† â€Å"So do you.† â€Å"Let me introduce you to my wife.† It was the first time Edward had said that word since it was officially true; he seemed like he would explode with satisfaction saying it now. The Denalis all laughed lightly in response. â€Å"Tanya, this is my Bella.† Tanya was every bit as lovely as my worst nightmares had predicted. She eyed me with a look that was much more speculative than it was resigned, and then reached out to take my hand. â€Å"Welcome to the family, Bella.† She smiled, a little rueful. â€Å"We consider ourselves Carlisle’s extended family, and I am sorry about the, er, recent incident when we did not behave as such. We should have met you sooner. Can you forgive us?† â€Å"Of course,† I said breathlessly. â€Å"It’s so nice to meet you.† â€Å"The Cullens are all evened up in numbers now. Perhaps it will be our turn next, eh, Kate?† She grinned at the blonde. â€Å"Keep the dream alive,† Kate said with a roll of her golden eyes. She took my hand from Tanya’s and squeezed it gently. â€Å"Welcome, Bella.† The dark-haired woman put her hand on top of Kate’s. â€Å"I’m Carmen, this is Eleazar. We’re all so very pleased to finally meet you.† â€Å"M-me, too,† I stuttered. Tanya glanced at the people waiting behind her – Charlie’s deputy, Mark, and his wife. Their eyes were huge as they took in the Denali clan. â€Å"We’ll get to know each other later. We’ll have eons of time for that!† Tanya laughed as she and her family moved on. All the standard traditions were kept. I was blinded by flashbulbs as we held the knife over a spectacular cake – too grand, I thought, for our relatively intimate group of friends and family. We took turns shoving cake in each other’s faces; Edward manfully swallowed his portion as I watched in disbelief. I threw my bouquet with atypical skill, right into Angela’s surprised hands. Emmett and Jasper howled with laughter at my blush while Edward removed my borrowed garter – which I’d shimmied down nearly to my ankle – verycarefully with his teeth. With a quick wink at me, he shot it straight into Mike Newton’s face. And when the music started, Edward pulled me into his arms for the customary first dance; I went willingly, despite my fear of dancing – especially dancing in front of an audience – just happy to have him holding me. He did all the work, and I twirled effortlessly under the glow of a canopy of lights and the bright flashes from the cameras. â€Å"Enjoying the party, Mrs. Cullen?† he whispered in my ear. I laughed. â€Å"That will take a while to get used to.† â€Å"We have a while,† he reminded me, his voice exultant, and he leaned down to kiss me while we danced. Cameras clicked feverishly. The music changed, and Charlie tapped on Edward’s shoulder. It wasn’t nearly as easy to dance with Charlie. He was no better at it than I was, so we moved safely from side to side in a tiny square formation. Edward and Esme spun around us like Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers. â€Å"I’m going to miss you at home, Bella. I’m already lonely.† I spoke through a tight throat, trying to make a joke of it. â€Å"I feel just horrible, leaving you to cook for yourself – it’s practically criminal negligence. You could arrest me.† He grinned. â€Å"I suppose I’ll survive the food. Just call me whenever you can.† â€Å"I promise.† It seemed like I danced with everyone. It was good to see all my old friends, but I really wanted to be with Edward more than anything else. I was happy when he finally cut in, just half a minute after a new dance started. â€Å"Still not that fond of Mike, eh?† I commented as Edward whirled me away from him. â€Å"Not when I have to listen to his thoughts. He’s lucky I didn’t kick him out. Or worse.† â€Å"Yeah, right.† â€Å"Have you had a chance to look at yourself?† â€Å"Urn. No, I guess not. Why?† â€Å"Then I suppose you don’t realize how utterly, heart-breakingly beautiful you are tonight. I’m not surprised Mike’s having difficulty with improper thoughts about a married woman. I am disappointed that Alice didn’t make sure you were forced to look in a mirror.† â€Å"You are very biased, you know.† He sighed and then paused and turned me around to face the house. The wall of glass reflected the party back like a long mirror. Edward pointed to the couple in the mirror directly across from us. â€Å"Biased, am I?† I caught just a glimpse of Edward’s reflection – a perfect duplicate of his perfect face – with a dark-haired beauty at his side. Her skin was cream and roses, her eyes were huge with excitement and framed with thick lashes. The narrow sheath of the shimmering white dress flared out subtly at the train almost like an inverted calla lily, cut so skillfully that her body looked elegant and graceful – while it was motionless, at least. Before I could blink and make the beauty turn back into me, Edward suddenly stiffened and turned automatically in the other direction, as if someone had called his name. â€Å"Oh!† he said. His brow furrowed for an instant and then smoothed out just as quickly. Suddenly, he was smiling a brilliant smile. â€Å"What is it?† I asked. â€Å"A surprise wedding gift.† â€Å"Huh?† He didn’t answer; he just started dancing again, spinning me the opposite way we’d been headed before, away from the lights and then into the deep swath of night that ringed the luminous dance floor. He didn’t pause until we reached the dark side of one of the huge cedars. Then Edward looked straight into the blackest shadow. â€Å"Thank you,† Edward said to the darkness. â€Å"This is very†¦ kind of you.† â€Å"Kind is my middle name,† a husky familiar voice answered from the black night. â€Å"Can i cut in?† My hand flew up to my throat, and if Edward hadn’t been holding me I would have collapsed. â€Å"Jacob!† I choked as soon as I could breathe. â€Å"Jacob!† â€Å"Hey there, Bells.† I stumbled toward the sound of his voice. Edward kept his grip under my elbow until another set of strong hands caught me in the darkness. The heat from Jacob’s skin burned right through the thin satin dress as he pulled me close. He made no effort to dance; he just hugged me while I buried my face in his chest. He leaned down to press his cheek to the top of my head. â€Å"Rosalie won’t forgive me if she doesn’t get her official turn on the dance floor,† Edward murmured, and I knew he was leaving us, giving me a gift of his own – this moment with Jacob. â€Å"Oh, Jacob.† I was crying now; I couldn’t get the words out clearly. â€Å"Thank you.† â€Å"Stop blubbering,Bella. You’ll ruin your dress. It’s just me.† â€Å"Just? Oh, Jake! Everything is perfect now.† Hesnorted. â€Å"Yeah – the party can start. The best man finally made it.† â€Å"Now everyone I love is here.† I felthis lips brush my hair. â€Å"SorryI’m late, honey.† â€Å"I’m just so happy you came!† â€Å"That was the idea.† I glanced toward the guests, but I couldn’t see through the dancers to the spot where I’d last seen Jacob’s father. I didn’t know if he’d stayed. â€Å"DoesBilly know you’re here?† As soon as I asked, I knew that he must have – it was the only way to explain his uplifted expression before. â€Å"I’m sure Sam’s told him. I’ll go see him when†¦ when the party’s over.† â€Å"He’ll beso glad you’re home.† Jacob pulled back a little bit and straightened up.He left one hand on the small of my back and grabbed my right hand with the other. He cradled our hands to his chest; I could feel his heart beat under my palm, and I guessed that he hadn’t placed my hand there accidentally. â€Å"I don’t know if I get more than just this one dance,† he said, and he began pulling me around in a slow circle that didn’t match the tempo of the music coming from behind us. â€Å"I’d better make the best of it.† We moved to the rhythm of his heart under my hand. â€Å"I’m glad Icame,† Jacob said quietly after a moment. â€Å"I didn’t think I would be. But it’s good to see you†¦ one more time. Not as sad as I’d thought it would be.† â€Å"I don’t want you to feel sad.† â€Å"I know that. And I didn’t come tonight to make you feel guilty.† â€Å"No – it makes me very happy that you came. It’s the best gift you could have given me.† He laughed. â€Å"That’s good, because I didn’t have time to stop for a real present.† My eyes were adjusting, and I could see his face now, higher up than I expected. Was it possible that he was still growing? He had to be closer to seven feet than to six. It was a relief to see his familiar features again after all this time – his deep-set eyes shadowed under his shaggy black brows, his high cheekbones, his full lips stretched over his bright teeth in the sarcastic smile that matched his tone. His eyes were tight around the edges – careful; I could see that he was being very careful tonight. He was doing all he could to make me happy, to not slip and show how much this cost him. I’d never done anything good enough to deserve a friend like Jacob. â€Å"When did you decide to come back?† â€Å"Consciously or subconsciously?† He took a deep breath before he answered his own question. â€Å"I don’t really know. I guess I’ve been wandering back this direction for a while, and maybe it’s because I was headed here. But it wasn’t until this morning that I really started running. I didn’t know if I could make it.† He laughed. â€Å"You wouldn’t believe how weird this feels – walking around on two legs again. And clothes! And then it’s more bizarre because it feels weird. I didn’t expect that. I’m out of practice with the whole human thing.† We revolved steadily. â€Å"It would have been a shame to miss seeing you like this, though. That’s worth the trip right there. You look unbelievable, Bella. So beautiful.† â€Å"Alice invested a lot of time in me today. The dark helps, too.† â€Å"It’s not so dark for me, you know.† â€Å"Right.† Werewolf senses. It was easy to forget all the things he could do, he seemed so human. Especially right now. â€Å"You cut your hair,† I noted. â€Å"Yeah. Easier, you know. Thought I’d better take advantage of the hands.† â€Å"It looks good,† I lied. He snorted. â€Å"Right. I did it myself, with rusty kitchen shears.† He grinned widely for a moment, and then his smile faded. His expression turned serious. â€Å"Are you happy, Bella?† â€Å"Yes.† â€Å"Okay.† I felt his shoulders shrug. â€Å"That’s the main thing, I guess.† â€Å"How are you, Jacob? Really?† â€Å"I’m fine, Bella, really. You don’t need to worry about me anymore. You can stop bugging Seth.† â€Å"I’m not just bugging him because of you. I like Seth.† â€Å"He’s a good kid. Better company than some. I tell you, if I could get rid of the voices in my head, being a wolf would be about perfect.† I laughed at the way it sounded. â€Å"Yeah, I can’t get mine to shut up, either.† â€Å"In your case, that would mean you’re insane. Of course, I already knew that you were insane,† he teased. â€Å"Thanks.† â€Å"Insanity is probably easier than sharing a pack mind. Crazy people’s voices don’t send babysitters to watch them.† â€Å"Huh?† â€Å"Sam’s out there. And some of the others. Just in case, you know.† â€Å"In case of what?† â€Å"In case I can’t keep it together, something like that. In case I decide to trash the party.† He flashed a quick smile at what was probably an appealing thought to him. â€Å"But I’m not here to ruin your wedding, Bella. I’m here to .. .† He trailed off. â€Å"To make it perfect.† â€Å"That’s a tall order.† â€Å"Good thing you’re so tall.† He groaned at my bad joke and then sighed. â€Å"I’m just here to be your friend. Your best friend, one last time.† â€Å"Sam should give you more credit.† â€Å"Well, maybe I’m being oversensitive. Maybe they’d be here anyway, to keep an eye on Seth. There are a lot of vampires here. Seth doesn’t take that as seriously as he should.† â€Å"Seth knows that he’s not in any danger. He understands the Cullens better than Sam does.† â€Å"Sure, sure,† Jacob said, making peace before it could turn into a fight. It was strange to have him being the diplomat. â€Å"Sorry about those voices,† I said. â€Å"Wish I could make it better.† In so many ways. â€Å"It’s not that bad. I’m just whining a little.† â€Å"You’re†¦ happy?† â€Å"Close enough. But enough about me. You’re the star today.† He chuckled. â€Å"I bet you’re just loving that. Center of attention.† â€Å"Yeah. Can’t get enough attention.† He laughed and then stared over my head. With pursed lips, he studied the shimmering glow of the reception party, the graceful whirl of the dancers, the fluttering petals falling from the garlands; I looked with him. It all seemed very distant from this black, quiet space. Almost like watching the white flurries swirling inside a snow globe. â€Å"I’ll give them this much,† he said. â€Å"They know how to throw a party.† â€Å"Alice is an unstoppable force of nature.† He sighed. â€Å"Song’s over. Do you think 1 get another one? Or is that asking too much?† I tightened my hand around his. â€Å"You can have as many dances as you want.† He laughed. â€Å"That would be interesting. I think I’d better stick with two, though. Don’t want to start talk.† We turned in another circle. â€Å"You’d think I’d be used to telling you goodbye by now,† he murmured. I tried to swallow the lump in my throat, but I couldn’t force it down. Jacob looked at me and frowned. He wiped his fingers across my cheek, catching the tears there. â€Å"You’re not supposed to be the one crying, Bella.† â€Å"Everyone cries at weddings,† I said thickly. â€Å"This is what you want, right?† â€Å"Right.† â€Å"Then smile.† I tried. He laughed at my grimace. Tm going to try to remember you like this. Pretend that†¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"That what?That I died?† He clenched his teeth. He was struggling with himself – with his decision to make his presence here a gift and not a judgment. I could guess what he wanted to say. â€Å"No,† he finally answered. â€Å"But I’ll see you this way in my head. Pink cheeks. Heartbeat. Two left feet. All of that.† I deliberately stomped on his foot as hard as I could. He smiled. â€Å"That’s my girl.† He started to say something else and then snapped his mouth closed. Struggling again, teeth gritted against the words he didn’t want to say. My relationship with Jacob used to be so easy. Natural as breathing. But since Edward had come back into my life, it was a constant strain. Because – in Jacob’s eyes – by choosing Edward, I was choosing a fate that was worse than death, or at least equivalent to it. â€Å"What is it, Jake? Just tell me. You can tell me anything.† â€Å"I – I†¦ I don’t have anything to tell you.† â€Å"Oh please. Spit it out.† â€Å"It’s true.It’s not†¦ it’s – it’s a question. It’s something I want you to tell me† â€Å"Ask me.† He struggled for another minute and then exhaled. â€Å"I shouldn’t. It doesn’t matter. I’m just morbidly curious.† Because I knew him so well, I understood. â€Å"It’s not tonight, Jacob,† I whispered. Jacob was even more obsessed with my humanity than Edward. He treasured every one of my heartbeats, knowing that they were numbered. â€Å"Oh,† he said, trying to smother his relief. â€Å"Oh.† A new song started playing, but he didn’t notice the change this time. â€Å"When?† he whispered. â€Å"I don’t know for sure. A week or two, maybe.† His voice changed, took on a defensive, mocking edge. â€Å"What’s the holdup?† â€Å"I just didn’t want to spend my honeymoon writhing in pain.† â€Å"You’d rather spend it how? Playing checkers? Ha ha.† â€Å"Very funny.† â€Å"Kidding, Bells. But, honestly, I don’t see the point. You can’t have a real honeymoon with your vampire, so why go through the motions? Call a spade a spade. This isn’t the first time you’ve put this off. That’s a good thing, though,† he said, suddenly earnest. â€Å"Don’t be embarrassed about it.† â€Å"I’m not putting anything off,† I snapped. â€Å"And yes I can have a real honeymoon! I can do anything I want! Butt out!† He stopped our slow circling abruptly. For a moment, I wondered if he’d finally noticed the music change, and I scrambled in my head for a way to patch up our little tiff before he said goodbye to me. We shouldn’t part on this note. And then his eyes bulged wide with a strange kind of confused horror. â€Å"What?† he gasped. â€Å"What did you say?† â€Å"About what†¦ ? Jake? What’s wrong?† â€Å"What do you mean? Have a real honeymoon? While you’re still human? Are you kidding? That’s a sick joke, Bella!† I glared at him. â€Å"I said butt out, Jake. This is so not your business. I shouldn’t have†¦ we shouldn’t even be talking about this. It’s private – â€Å" His enormous hands gripped the tops of my arms, wrapping all the way around, fingers overlapping. â€Å"Ow, Jake! Let go!† He shook me. â€Å"Bella! Have you lost your mind? You can’t be that stupid! Tell me you’re joking!† He shook me again. His hands, tight as tourniquets, were quivering, sending vibrations deep into my bones. â€Å"Jake – stop!† The darkness was suddenly very crowded. â€Å"Take your hands off her!† Edward’s voice was cold as ice, sharp as razors. Behind Jacob, there was a low snarl from the black night, and then another, overlapping the first. â€Å"Jake, bro, back away,† I heard Seth Clearwater urge. â€Å"You’re losing it.† Jacob seemed frozen as he was, his horrified eyes wide and staring. â€Å"You’ll hurt her,† Seth whispered. â€Å"Let her go.† â€Å"Now!† Edward snarled. Jacob’s hands dropped to his sides, and the sudden gush of blood through my waiting veins was almost painful. Before I could register more than that, cold hands replaced the hot ones, and the air was suddenly whooshing past me. I blinked, and I was on my feet a half dozen feet away from where I’d been standing. Edward was tensed in front of me. There were two enormous wolves braced between him and Jacob, but they did not seem aggressive to me. More like they were trying to prevent the fight. And Seth – gangly, fifteen-year-old Seth – had his long arms around Jacob’s shaking body, and he was tugging him away. If Jacob phased with Seth so close†¦ â€Å"C’mon, Jake. Let’s go.† â€Å"I’ll kill you,† Jacob said, his voice so choked with rage that it was low as a whisper. His eyes, focused on Edward, burned with fury. â€Å"I’ll kill you myself! I’ll do it now!† He shuddered convulsively. The biggest wolf, the black one, growled sharply. â€Å"Seth, get out of the way,† Edward hissed. Seth tugged on Jacob again. Jacob was so bewildered with rage that Seth was able to yank him a few feet farther back. â€Å"Don’t do it, Jake. Walk away. C’mon.† Sam – the bigger wolf, the black one – joined Seth then. He put his massive head against Jacob’s chest and shoved. The three of them – Seth towing, Jake trembling, Sam pushing – disappeared swiftly into the darkness. The other wolf stared after them. I wasn’t sure, in the weak light, about the color of his fur – chocolate brown, maybe? Was it Quil, then? Tm sorry,† I whispered to the wolf. â€Å"It’sall right now,Bella,† Edward murmured. The wolf looked at Edward. His gaze was not friendly. Edward gave him one cold nod.The wolf huffed and then turned to follow the others, vanishing as they had. â€Å"All right,† Edward said to himself, and then he looked at me. â€Å"Let’s get back.† â€Å"But Jake – â€Å" â€Å"Sam has him in hand. He’s gone.† â€Å"Edward, I’m so sorry. Iwas stupid – â€Å" â€Å"You did nothing wrong – â€Å" â€Å"I have such a big mouth! Why would I†¦ I shouldn’t have let him get to me like that. What was I thinking?† â€Å"Don’t worry.† He touched my face. â€Å"We need to get back to the reception before someone notices our absence.† I shook my head, trying to reorient myself. Before someone noticed? Had anyone missed that? Then, as I thought about it, I realized the confrontation that had seemed so catastrophic to me had, in reality, been very quiet and short here in the shadows. â€Å"Give me two seconds,† I pleaded. My insides were chaotic with panic and grief, but that didn’t matter – only the outside mattered right now. Putting on a good show was something I knew I had to master. â€Å"My dress?† â€Å"You look fine. Not a hair out of place.† I took two deep breaths. â€Å"Okay. Let’s go.† He put his arms around me and led me back to the light. When we passed under the twinkle lights, he spun me gently onto the dance floor. We melted in with the other dancers as if our dance had never been interrupted. I glanced around at the guests, butno one seemed shocked or frightened. Only the very palest faces there showed any signs of stress, and they hid it well. Jasper and Emmett were on the edge of the floor, close together, and I guessed that they had been nearby during the confrontation. â€Å"Are you – â€Å" Tm fine,† I promised. â€Å"I can’t believe I did that. What’s wrong with me?† â€Å"Nothing is wrong with you† I’d been so glad to see Jacob here. I knew the sacrifice it had taken him. And then I’d ruined it, turned his gift into a disaster. I should be quarantined. But my idiocy would not ruin anything else tonight. I would put this away, shove it in a drawer and lock it up to deal with later. There would be plenty of time to flagellate myself for this, and nothing I could do now would help. â€Å"It’s over,† I said. â€Å"Let’s not think of it again tonight.† I expected a quick agreement from Edward, but he was silent. â€Å"Edward?† He closed his eyes and touched his forehead to mine. â€Å"Jacob is right,† he whispered. â€Å"What am I thinking?† â€Å"He is not.† I tried to keep my face smooth for the watching crowd of friends. â€Å"Jacob is way too prejudiced to see anything clearly.† He mumbled something low that sounded almost like â€Å"should let him kill me for even thinking †¦Ã¢â‚¬  â€Å"Stop it,† I said fiercely. I grabbed his face in my hands and waited until he opened his eyes. â€Å"You and me. That’s the only thing that matters. The only thing you’re allowed to think about now. Do you hear me?† â€Å"Yes,† he sighed. â€Å"Forget Jacob came.† I could do that. I would 60 that. â€Å"For me. Promise that you’ll let this go.† He stared into my eyes for a moment before answering. â€Å"I promise.† â€Å"Thank you. Edward, I’m not afraid.† â€Å"I am,† he whispered. â€Å"Don’t be.† I took deep breath and smiled. â€Å"By the way, I love you.† He smiled just a little in return. â€Å"That’s why we’re here.† â€Å"You’re monopolizing the bride,† Emmett said, coming up behind Edward’s shoulder. â€Å"Let me dance with my little sister. This could be my last chance to make her blush.† He laughed loudly, as unaffected as he usually was by any serious atmosphere. It turned out there were actually lots of people I hadn’t danced with yet, and that gave me a chance to truly compose and resolve myself. When Edward claimed me again, I found that the Jacob-drawer was shut nice and tight. As he wrapped his arms around me, I was able to unearth my earlier sense of joy, my certainty that everything in my life was in the right place tonight. I smiled and laid my head against his chest. His arms tightened. â€Å"I could get used to this,† I said. â€Å"Don’t tell me you’ve gotten over your dancing issues?† â€Å"Dancing isn’t so bad – with you. But I was thinking more of this,† – and I pressed myself to him even tighter – â€Å"of never having to let you go.† â€Å"Never,† he promised, and he leaned down to kiss me. It was a serious kind of kiss – intense, slow but building†¦. I’d pretty much forgotten where I was when I heard Alice call, â€Å"Bella! It’s time!† I felt a brief flicker of irritation with my new sister for the interruption. Edward ignored her; his lips were hard against mine, more urgent than before. My heart broke into a sprint and my palms were slick against his marble neck. â€Å"Do you want to miss your plane?† Alice demanded, right next to me now. â€Å"I’m sure you’ll have a lovely honeymoon camped out in the airport waiting for another flight.† Edward turned his face slightly to murmur, â€Å"Go away, Alice,† and then pressed his lips to mine again. â€Å"Bella, do you want to wear that dress on the airplane?† she demanded. I wasn’t really paying much attention. At the moment, I simply didn’t care. Alice growled quietly. â€Å"I’ll tell her where you’re taking her, Edward. So help me, I will.† He froze. Then he lifted his face from mine and glared at his favorite sister. â€Å"You’re awfully small to be so hugelyirritating.† â€Å"I didn’t pick out the perfect going-away dress to have it wasted,† she snapped back, taking my hand. â€Å"Come with me, Bella.† I tugged against her hold, stretching up on my toes to kiss him one more time. She jerked my arm impatiently, hauling me away from him. There were a few chuckles from the watching guests. I gave up then and let her lead me into the empty house. She looked annoyed. â€Å"Sorry, Alice,† I apologized. â€Å"I don’t blame you, Bella.† She sighed. â€Å"You don’t seem to be able help yourself.† I giggled at her martyred expression, and she scowled. â€Å"Thank you, Alice. It was the most beautiful wedding anyone ever had,† I told her earnestly. â€Å"Everything was exactly right. You’re the best, smartest, most talented sister in the whole world.† That thawed her out; she smiled a huge smile. â€Å"I’m glad you liked it.† Renee and Esme were waiting upstairs. The three of them quickly had me out of my dress and into Alice’s deep blue going-away ensemble. I was grateful when someone pulled the pins out of my hair and let it fall loose down my back, wavy from the braids, saving me from a hairpin headache later. My mother’s tears streamed without a break the entire time. â€Å"I’ll call you when I know where I’m going,† I promised as I hugged her goodbye. I knew the honeymoon secret was probably driving her crazy; my mother hated secrets, unless she was in on them. â€Å"I’ll tell you as soon as she’s safely away,† Alice outdid me, smirking at my wounded expression. How unfair, for me to be the last to know. â€Å"You have to visit me and Phil very, very soon. It’s your turn to go south – see the sun for once,† Renee said. â€Å"It didn’t rain today,† I reminded her, avoiding her request â€Å"A miracle.† â€Å"Everything’s ready,† Alice said. â€Å"Your suitcases are in the car – Jasper’s bringing it around.† She pulled me back toward the stairs with Renee following, still halfway embracing me. â€Å"I love you, Mom,† I whispered as we descended. Tm so glad you have Phil. Take care of each other.† â€Å"I love you, too, Bella, honey.† â€Å"Goodbye, Mom. I love you,† I said again, my throat thick. Edward was waiting at the bottom of the stairs. I took his outstretched hand but leaned away, scanning the little crowd that was waiting to see us off. â€Å"Dad?† I asked, my eyes searching. â€Å"Over here,† Edward murmured. He pulled me through the guests; they made a pathway for us. We found Charlie leaning awkwardly against the wall behind everyone else, looking a little like he was hiding. The red rims around his eyes explained why. â€Å"Oh, Dad!† I hugged him around the waist, tears streaming again – I was crying so much tonight. He patted my back. â€Å"There, now. You don’t want to miss your plane.† It was hard to talk about love with Charlie – we were so much alike, always reverting to trivial things to avoid embarrassing emotional displays. But this was no time for being self-conscious. â€Å"I love you forever, Dad,† I told him. â€Å"Don’t forget that.† â€Å"You, too, Bells. Always have, always will.† I kissed his cheek at the same time that he kissed mine. â€Å"Call me,† he said. â€Å"Soon,† I promised, knowing this was all I could promise. Just a phone call. My father and my mother could not be allowed to see me again; I would be too different, and much, much too dangerous. â€Å"Go on, then,† he said gruffly. â€Å"Don’t want to be late.† The guests made another aisle for us. Edward pulled me close to his side as we made our escape. â€Å"Are you ready?† he asked. â€Å"I am,† I said, and I knew that it was true. Everyone applauded when Edward kissed me on the doorstep. Then he rushed me to the car as the rice storm began. Most of it went wide, but someone, probably Emmett, threw with uncanny precision, and I caught a lot of the ricochets off Edward’s back. The car was decorated with more flowers that trailed in streamers along its length, and long gossamer ribbons that were tied to a dozen shoes – designer shoes that looked brand-new – dangling behind the bumper. Edward shielded me from the rice while I climbed in, and then he was in and we were speeding away as I waved out the window and called â€Å"I love you† to the porch, where my families waved back. The last image I registered was one of my parents. Phil had both arms wrapped tenderly around Renee. She had one arm tight around his waist but had her free hand reached out to hold Charlie’s. So many different kinds of love, harmonious in this one moment. It seemed a very hopeful picture to me. Edward squeezed my hand. â€Å"I love you,† he said. I leaned my head against his arm. ‘That’s why we’re here,† I quoted him. He kissed my hair. As we turned onto the black highway and Edward really hit the accelerator, I heard a noise over the purr of the engine, coming from the forest behind us. If I could hear it, then he certainly could. But he said nothing as the sound slowly faded in the distance. I said nothing, either. The piercing, heartbroken howling grew fainter and then disappeared entirely. How to cite The Twilight Saga 4: Breaking Dawn 4. GESTURE, Essay examples

Integrated Marketing Communication Childrens Health Drink

Question: Discuss about theIntegrated Marketing Communicationfor Childrens Health Drink. Answer: Introduction: The aim of the report is to understand the importance of integrated marketing communication and its use as an important element of the marketing mix. Integrated marketing communication is the means of integrating a number of communication tools to produce an impactful message that shall help to attract the target groups of people (Cornelissen 2014). The report focuses on selling a food product that is targeted on children less than 12 years of age. A creative strategy for the food product will also be highlighted in this report. On the basis of the creative strategy, best media channels will be recommended. A detailed media planning of the advertisement campaign of the food product will be carried on in this report. Background Information of the Product: The product is a beverage, basically a health drink. It is a consumers product, an FMCG product. The product is acts as a complete package for the grown up children. The drink will be targeted globally and not only in Australia. This drink provides extra energy and improves the immune system of children (Harris 2014). Other benefits of the drink include the correct proportion of the various nutrients present in it. This helps the children to get the nourishment by consuming a glass of this health drink and fulfils the nutritional requirement if children skip their meals. In addition to this, the drink can be consumed by directly mixing it with warm water and there is no need for mixing it with milk, unlike many other health drinks. Two glasses a day are enough for gaining the extra benefits gained from major health drinks (Breda et al. 2014). The drink is also available in a variety of flavors as well. Target Audience: The food product or the health drink is targeted to the children below 12 years of age, but it has to be understood that the purchasers or the customers will be the parents of these children. Therefore, at the time of designing the media plan, the target audience should be both children as well as their parent. It is expected that the age of the parents would be between 35 and 50 years. In addition to this, if the income level of this target group of people is considered, it can be said that both the middle class and the upper middle class people will be targeted for the promotion of this product (Walker 2014). Communication Objectives: The main objective of designing the integrated marketing communication is to improvise the sale of the product. In addition to this, a number of other integrated marketing communication objectives can be stated here. To create brand awareness. Although, the product is aimed to sell health drinks for children, one of the important objectives of the marketing is to create brand awareness among the target group of people (Belch et al. 2014). This shall help them to create a positive image of the particular Company and people shall recognize the brand even if come across with other types of products. To increase brand loyalty. Creating and increasing brand loyalty is a crucial thing in a competitive market. In order to create the scope for repurchasing even when there are a number of options available at the market can be achieved only by the means of creating brand loyalty (Argenti 2015). A well integrated communication plan can help to increase brand loyalty. To target the maximum number of people. As it has been evident that the health drink is targeted globally, therefore the aim of the integrated marketing remains to target the maximum number of people. Therefore, confining only to a single media would not help to achieve the objective and thus, it is recommended to use more than one channel for the marketing and promotional activity. To influence the attitudes of the consumers. The marketing should be conducted in a way to influence the attitudes and the interest of the target consumers. The marketing should differentiate the particular product from the other existing products in the market and shall influence the consumers to go for this particular product only (Thorson and Moore 2013). To influence the purchase intention of the target consumers. The most crucial objective is to increase the sale of the number of products. This shall automatically increase the profitability of the company that remains the only objective of a company. Lastly, it can be said the marketing plan should be designed that shall help to boost the sale of the product. Creative Strategies: Creative strategy is the outcome of the team result that is formed after the intense discussion based on the need of the marketing campaign and the way the plan is integrated to target the particular group of people. The creative strategy for the health drink should be focusing on the nutritional benefits that children would get when they consume it (Kitchen and Burgmann 2015). The strategy should involve the fact that children have to perform a lot of things regularly. They have to remain active throughout. They have to participate equally in academic as well as sports activities. Therefore, they should be supplied with sufficient amount of nutritional food that would help them to be healthy and active. Apart from the importance of being active throughout, the creative strategy should include the role of the parents as well. Therefore, the advertisement should also focus on the fact that parents are only responsible to provide the adequate amount of nutrition and energy drinks to their children. Thus, only feeding children with regular staple food are not enough and that they should be given some extra nutritional food as well (Percy 2014). Moreover, it should also be highlighted that in a competitive world, in order to be at the top, the children should be given the best nutrition that they should surpass others in the competition. The creative strategy might also include the level of stress and hard work that children have to do at schools, tuitions and at other places where they have to participate regularly. In order to gain energy, this health drink will act as the perfect supplement (Moriarty et al. 2014). Media Plan: If the media plan and the different media that to be used for the marketing purpose of the mentioned health drink is considered, it has to be said that if the advertisement remained constrained to one media, the objectives will not be accomplished. Therefore, it is expected to use both traditional and new and digital media for the advertisement and promotional marketing. Electronic media (Television commercial): The most important media to be used for the purpose of the advertising is the Television media. An advertisement has to be developed pointing the importance of the drink and how consuming this particular drink would benefit a child (Moriarty et al. 2014). This commercial should be telecasted during the daily soaps, reality shows and also during the cartoon or other children based programs. Social media networking sites: As already mentioned, the target consumers fall between the age group of 35 and 50 years. This group of people is active users of social media like Facebook, Twitter and YouTube as well. Therefore, advertisement highlighting, the importance of the health drink, in the form of small story board or small duration videos can be made and uploaded on these sites (Walker 2014). This could be the most successful means of advertising if carried on effectively. Promotional campaign: Apart from reaching out people virtually, the communication marketing can be carried on by the means of directly communicating with the target consumers. A promotional campaign can be carried out at various locations like malls or schools, where the parents shall be asked to participate in the campaign. This way the properties of the particular food item can be reached out to the target consumers directly. A free sample can also be offered to the participants (Harris 2014). It is expected that if the above mentioned promotional marketing is carried on, the creative strategy can be easily made highlighted among the people and the promotional activity as a whole shall be a successful one. Conclusion: A detailed discussion has been made on the integrated marketing communication and the plan for the launch of a new range of food products for the children below 12 years of age. However, the target group of people is the parents and the guardians of these children. Therefore, the creative strategy had been framed keeping the target group of people in kind. The creative strategy has been focused towards the competitive nature where children as stuck into and that it fall under the responsibility of the parents to understand the needs of their children and fulfill all the needs. It is for the same reason, the media like social media networking sites or search engines have been selected that could easily target these people and the objectives of the marketing can be achieved easily. References: Argenti, P.A., 2015.Corporate communication. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Belch, G.E., Belch, M.A., Kerr, G.F. and Powell, I., 2014.Advertising: An integrated marketing communication perspective. McGraw-Hill Education. Breda, J.J., Whiting, S.H., Encarnao, R., Norberg, S., Jones, R., Reinap, M. and Jewell, J., 2014. Energy drink consumption in Europe: a review of the risks, adverse health effects, and policy options to respond.Frontiers in public health,2, p.134. Cornelissen, J., 2014.Corporate communication: A guide to theory and practice. Sage. Harris, J.L., 2014, November. Sugary drink marketing targeted to children, teens and multicultural youth: A continuing challenge for public health initiatives to reduce consumption. In142nd APHA Annual Meeting and Exposition (November 15-November 19, 2014). APHA. Kitchen, P.J. and Burgmann, I., 2015. Integrated marketing communication: Making it work at a strategic level.Journal of Business Strategy,36(4), pp.34-39. Moriarty, S., Mitchell, N.D., Wells, W.D., Crawford, R., Brennan, L. and Spence-Stone, R., 2014.Advertising: Principles and practice. Pearson Australia. Percy, L., 2014.Strategic integrated marketing communications. Routledge. Thorson, E. and Moore, J., 2013.Integrated communication: Synergy of persuasive voices. Psychology Press. Walker, S., 2014. YouTube Strategies 2014: Marketing Strategy and Advertising Techniques-Making and Marketing Online Video.

Social Learning Theory Essay Example For Students

Social Learning Theory Essay Social and conflict theoriesSocial theories are theoretical frameworks which are used to study and interpret social phenomena within a particular school of thought. An essential tool used by social scientists, theories relate to historical debates over the most valid and reliable methodologies (e.g. positivism and antipositivism), as well as the primacy of either structure or agency. Certain social theories attempt to remain strictly scientific, descriptive, and objective. Conflict theories, by contrast, present ostensibly normative positions, and often critique the ideological aspects inherent in conventional, traditional thought.?he origins ofare difficult to pinpoint, but debates frequently return to Ancient Greece (Berberoglu 2005, p. xi). From these foundations in Western philosophy arose Enlightenment social contract theory, sociological positivism, and modern social science. Today, social science is used as an umbrella term to refer, not just to sociology, but also to economics, political science, jurisprudence, and other disciplines. Social theory is accordingly interdisciplinary; drawing upon ideas from fields as diverse as anthropology and media studies. Social theory of an informal nature, or authorship based outside of academic social and political science, may be referred to instead as social criticism or social commentary. Similarly, cultural criticism may be associated both with formal cultural and literary scholarship, as well as other non-academic or journalistic forms of writing.